States-Prussia part one
Prussia(1618-1871: Preußen)When Germany unified there were four kingdoms, Prussia being the most powerful. The other kingdoms were Bavaria, Saxony, and Württemberg. Napoleon had elevated these three to kingdoms as a…
Schools-2
Schools-2 Opportunities abounded for students in the higher classes of secondary school. The very top students would take an examination known as the Abitur. It was a voluntary test; however, holders…
Schools-1
SchoolsThe German school system provided the road to adulthood. The Constitution of both the North German Federation and imperial Germany delegated the control of public education to the states. Unlike…
The Spirit of 1914
Conventional wisdom has it that all of imperial Germany rejoiced at the war and rushed to the colors. A study by Jeffrey Verhey exposed the dichotomies of this spirit. The…